論文關(guān)鍵詞：農(nóng)村水利 現(xiàn)狀 方向 飲水安全
Key words: rural drinking water safety water conservancy status direction
論文摘要：我國(guó)是一個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó)，小型水利工程作為農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)的一個(gè)重要組成部分，在改善農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)生活條件、促進(jìn)糧食生產(chǎn)方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。農(nóng)村水利是指在農(nóng)村開展的水利建設(shè)、管理及其它有關(guān)水問題方面的工作，包括農(nóng)村水工程、水資源和水環(huán)境。本文主要分析農(nóng)村水利現(xiàn)狀，進(jìn)一步明確當(dāng)前和今后一個(gè)時(shí)期農(nóng)村水利工作的方向，奮力推進(jìn)農(nóng)村水利新跨越，為服務(wù)“三農(nóng)”和保障民生提供有力的水利支撐和保障。
Abstract: our country is an agricultural big country, small water conservancy project as an important part of rural economy, in improving farmers' production and living conditions, and played an important role in promoting grain production. Rural water conservancy refers to the water conservancy construction in rural areas, water management and other related issues, including rural water projects, water resource and water environment. This article mainly analyze the present situation of rural water conservancy further clarify the current and future a period of the direction of the rural water conservancy work, strive to build a new rural water conservancy span, for the service "three rural" and safeguard the livelihood of the people to provide powerful hydraulic support and assurance.
�。� 農(nóng)村水利現(xiàn)狀
1 status of rural water conservancy
�。�.１ 農(nóng)村水利管理滯后。農(nóng)村實(shí)行生產(chǎn)責(zé)任制后，農(nóng)民的個(gè)體經(jīng)濟(jì)意識(shí)較強(qiáng)，集體觀念淡薄，從而在水利工程管理上存在只知用水，不愿管水，農(nóng)村水利工程管理粗放，有的灌區(qū)支渠以下用水混亂，“跑、冒、滲、漏”較為嚴(yán)重，致使水利工程老化失修，毀損嚴(yán)重。同時(shí)由于各領(lǐng)域的生產(chǎn)進(jìn)度很難一致也很難統(tǒng)一，彼此間為了各自的需要隨意截流、堵壩、開溝、放水，把水線和明渠搞得支離破碎，干瘡百孔，逐漸失去供水功能，農(nóng)民們沒辦法只好在原灌內(nèi)打井種稻。大量開采地下水，也是對(duì)水資源的極大浪費(fèi)，這樣下去，不光是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)受到影響，生存環(huán)境也會(huì)受到破壞。
1.1 the rural water conservancy management lags behind. After rural production responsibility system, farmers' consciousness of the individual economy is stronger, collective idea is weak, which only exists in the water conservancy project management of water, don't want to pipe water, rural water conservancy project management extensive, some under the lateral canal irrigation area water use chaos, "run, run, seepage, leakage is more serious, the water conservancy project aged disrepair, is damaged seriously. As consistent in all areas of production progress is difficult to is difficult to unify, between each other in order to meet the demands of their casual intercepting and blocking dam, trenching, water, the water flow in open channel and get fragmented, dry, losing water supply function, the farmers can't had to drilling within original irrigation rice. Excessive exploitation of groundwater, is also a great waste of water resources, so, it is not only affected agricultural production, living environment will be damaged.
１.２ 農(nóng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生變化。農(nóng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)過去主要追求糧食產(chǎn)量,所配套水利工程為了滿足糧食作物的生長(zhǎng)需要,調(diào)整為蔬菜、花卉、瓜果和苗木對(duì)抗旱和灌溉的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比原有的設(shè)施要求標(biāo)準(zhǔn)更高。在這個(gè)過程中,調(diào)整是市場(chǎng)化行為,一家一戶的生產(chǎn)模式缺乏統(tǒng)一的調(diào)整、建設(shè)和規(guī)劃,使得農(nóng)村水利的配套建設(shè)出現(xiàn)了一些困難。
1.2 the rural industrial structure change. Rural industrial structure is mainly the pursuit of food production in the past, the matching of water conservancy projects in order to meet the requirements of the growth of crops, the adjustment for vegetables, flowers, fruits and seedling standard of drought resistance and irrigation facilities required standards higher than the old ones. In this process, the adjustment is market-oriented behavior, a production mode is lack of unified adjustment of a home, building and planning, make the rural water conservancy construction of form a complete set of some difficulties.
�。�.３ 對(duì)水質(zhì)要求更加嚴(yán)格。由于水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展較快，對(duì)水源水質(zhì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求更加嚴(yán)格。一旦水源污染、水質(zhì)破壞，會(huì)影響到水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的發(fā)展，也會(huì)影響到農(nóng)民的利益。水質(zhì)不能保證一定會(huì)引發(fā)一些矛盾，會(huì)影響到水利工程水費(fèi)和水資源費(fèi)的收繳。
1.3 more strict with quality. Due to the rapid development of aquaculture, more strict standard of water quality. Once the damage, water pollution, water quality will affect the development of the aquaculture industry, will also affect the interests of farmers. Water quality can't guarantee will cause some conflict, will affect the water resources and water conservancy projects on water fee collection.
�。�.４ 財(cái)政投入不足。新農(nóng)村建設(shè)以來，雖然國(guó)家大力扶持農(nóng)村水利建設(shè)與管理，在規(guī)劃布局、項(xiàng)目安排和資金補(bǔ)助上給予很大傾斜。但我國(guó)很多不發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)農(nóng)村，沒有較多的資金用在農(nóng)村水利工程建設(shè)上，很多工程不能按期啟動(dòng)。財(cái)政支持的資金與農(nóng)村水利工程建設(shè)需要的資金差距較大，主要靠群眾自行解決，因此嚴(yán)重制約著農(nóng)村重點(diǎn)水利工程配套和小型水利工程建設(shè)。
1.4 insufficient financial input. Since the new rural construction, although the country strongly support rural water conservancy construction and management, on the plan layout, project schedule and budget for a tilt. But many underdeveloped areas of rural in China, no more money to use on the rural water conservancy project construction, many projects does not start on schedule. Financial support of funds and the rural water conservancy project construction need funding gap is larger, mainly depend on the masses, thus severely restricts the rural supporting key water conservancy projects and small water conservancy project construction.
�。� 發(fā)展農(nóng)村水利工作的方向
2 in the direction of the development of rural water conservancy work
２.１ 認(rèn)真抓好農(nóng)村水利建設(shè)管理工作。圍繞充分發(fā)揮效益，切實(shí)強(qiáng)化水利工程管理。水利建設(shè)是基礎(chǔ)，管理是關(guān)鍵。我國(guó)水利工程面廣量大，管理任務(wù)十分繁重。一是堅(jiān)持按照“分級(jí)建設(shè)、分級(jí)管理、分級(jí)負(fù)責(zé)”的原則，健全和完善管理責(zé)任體系，明確責(zé)、權(quán)、利，真正將管理責(zé)任落實(shí)到單位、到個(gè)人。二是在現(xiàn)有管理模式基礎(chǔ)上，積極探索水利工程管理的新機(jī)制、新路子、新辦法，走管理維護(hù)與開發(fā)利用相結(jié)合，“以管理促開發(fā)，以開發(fā)促管理”的新路子。三是堅(jiān)持依法管理，加大水行政執(zhí)法力度，嚴(yán)肅查處河道、堤防管理范圍內(nèi)的亂耕亂種、違章搭建、隨意侵占等違法行為，依法維護(hù)水利工程正常運(yùn)行，促進(jìn)我市河道管理工作邁上新臺(tái)階。
2.1 carefully pays special attention to the rural water conservancy construction management work. Around give full play to the benefits, and strengthening the management of water conservancy projects. Water conservancy construction is the foundation, management is the key. Surface measurement in water conservancy project, management task is very heavy. One is stick to "hierarchical construction, classification management, grading is responsible for" principle, and perfect the management responsibility system, clear responsibility, right and benefit, true implementation to the unit, the individual will manage responsibility. 2 it is based on the existing management mode, actively explore new mechanism of management of water conservancy projects, new way and new method, that combines management maintenance and the development and utilization, "management to promote development, to promote management" to develop a new way. 3 it is to adhere to the management in accordance with the law, increase the intensity of water administrative law enforcement, investigate embankment management within the scope of river courses and indiscriminate tillage, illegal building, illegal activities such as random occupation, maintain normal operation of water conservancy projects according to law, promote our city river management work to a new level.
�。�.２ 農(nóng)村水利工作要堅(jiān)持以下原則。一是堅(jiān)持以人為本，保障改善民生。把解決農(nóng)民群眾最關(guān)心、最直接、最現(xiàn)實(shí)的水利問題作為優(yōu)先領(lǐng)域，加快改善農(nóng)民群眾生產(chǎn)生活條件和農(nóng)村人居環(huán)境，提高農(nóng)民群眾受益程度和水平。二是堅(jiān)持科學(xué)發(fā)展，促進(jìn)人水和諧。綜合考慮農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展與水資源條件，大力發(fā)展高效節(jié)水農(nóng)業(yè)，加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村飲用水水源保護(hù)，加快水環(huán)境治理步伐，增強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力，促進(jìn)水資源可持續(xù)利用。三是堅(jiān)持統(tǒng)籌兼顧，推進(jìn)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展�？茖W(xué)規(guī)劃和布局，東中西部統(tǒng)籌，平原、山丘區(qū)和草原牧區(qū)兼顧，大中小微工程并舉，工程措施非工程措施結(jié)合，推動(dòng)農(nóng)村水利協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。四是堅(jiān)持建管并重，保障良性運(yùn)行。切實(shí)把工程建設(shè)與運(yùn)行管理有機(jī)銜接、有效統(tǒng)一起來，做到建后管護(hù)主體明確、權(quán)責(zé)清晰、機(jī)制完善、管養(yǎng)到位，確保工程建得成、管得好、用得起、長(zhǎng)受益。五是堅(jiān)持改革創(chuàng)新，增強(qiáng)發(fā)展后勁。深化農(nóng)村水利各項(xiàng)改革，著力創(chuàng)新體制機(jī)制，推進(jìn)法規(guī)制度建設(shè)，完善配套政策，加大科技推廣力度，加快管理方式轉(zhuǎn)變，為農(nóng)村水利可持續(xù)發(fā)展奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。
2.2 the rural water conservancy work to adhere to the following principles. One is to adhere to the people-oriented, improve people's livelihood. To solve the farmers most concern, the most direct, the most realistic water conservancy problems as priority areas, accelerate the improvement of production conditions and living conditions of peasants and the rural living environment, improve peasants benefit degree and level. Second, insist on scientific development, promote people and water in harmony. Considering the rural economic and social development and water resource conditions, developing efficient water-saving agriculture, strengthen rural drinking water sources protection, quicken the steps of water environmental governance, enhance capability of sustainable agriculture and rural areas development, promote the sustainable utilization of water resources. Three is to stay balanced and promote the coordinated development. Scientific planning and layout, east Midwest to plan as a whole, plains, ShanQiuOu and grassland pastoral area to two or morethings, medium and micro engineering, non-engineering measures combined with engineering measures, to promote coordinated development of rural water conservancy. Four is both on connecting, guarantee benign operation. Of the project construction and operation management of organic link, to unify effectively, be built after the subject clear, clear responsibilities of the management, perfect mechanism, custody in place, to ensure that the project was built into, tube well, affordable, long benefit. Five is to insist on reform and innovation, and sustaining development. To deepen the reform of rural water conservancy, focus on institutional innovation mechanism, promoting the construction of laws and regulations, perfect the supporting policies, increase the intensity of science and technology promotion, to speed up the management mode shift, lay a solid foundation for the sustainable development of the rural water conservancy.
�。�.３ 不斷深化農(nóng)村水利改革，努力創(chuàng)新農(nóng)村水利發(fā)展體制機(jī)制。當(dāng)前，農(nóng)村水利改革正在向多領(lǐng)域擴(kuò)展、向深層次推進(jìn)，改革的復(fù)雜性、艱巨性、系統(tǒng)性更加凸顯。要準(zhǔn)確把握農(nóng)村水利改革方向，注重協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)和體制機(jī)制創(chuàng)新，不斷增強(qiáng)農(nóng)村水利發(fā)展活力。
2.3 continue to deepen reform of rural water conservancy, rural water conservancy development efforts to innovation systems and mechanisms. Many areas at present, the reform of rural water conservancy is spreading, to further promote reform of the complexity, difficulty and systemic grew more insistent. To accurately grasp the direction of the reform of rural water conservancy, pay attention to the coordinated push, and system and mechanism innovation, and constantly enhance the vitality of rural water conservancy development.
�。�.３.１ 加快推進(jìn)農(nóng)村水利投資體制改革。積極爭(zhēng)取中央預(yù)算內(nèi)基建投資和財(cái)政專項(xiàng)資金大幅增加對(duì)農(nóng)村水利的投入力度、提高補(bǔ)助比例，逐步建立以財(cái)政補(bǔ)助為主導(dǎo)，國(guó)家、農(nóng)民、社會(huì)資金共同投入的多元化農(nóng)村水利投資機(jī)制。要以縣為單位、以規(guī)劃為依托，整合各類農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)資金，提高資金使用效益。要充分利用市場(chǎng)機(jī)制，引導(dǎo)和鼓勵(lì)社會(huì)資金投入農(nóng)村水利項(xiàng)目。
2.3.1 accelerate reform of the rural water conservancy investment system. Actively strive for the central budget for infrastructure investment and finance special fund increase of rural water conservancy investment, increase the proportion, gradually establish dominated by financial aid, country, farmers and social capital into the diversification of rural water conservancy investment mechanism. To county as the unit, which is based on planning, integration of various kinds of irrigation and water conservancy construction fund, improve the service efficiency of funds. Should make full use of market mechanism, guide and encourage social capital of rural water conservancy projects.
２.３.２ 繼續(xù)落實(shí)水管體制改革各項(xiàng)政策。要全面完成大中型灌區(qū)、泵站管理單位的"兩定"工作，通過中央補(bǔ)助、
2.3.2 continue to implement all policies conduit system reform. We will complete the large and medium-sized irrigation system, pumping station management unit of the "two will" work, through the central subsidies,
地方加大財(cái)政投入等渠道，足額落實(shí)"兩費(fèi)"，做到以事定員定崗，妥善安置分流人員，落實(shí)社會(huì)保障政策。要逐步將水管體制改革延伸到小型水利工程、基層水管單位，切實(shí)落實(shí)管理責(zé)任、管護(hù)措施和管理人員，全面提高小型水利工程管理水平。
Local channel such as increasing financial investment, fully implement the "LiangFei", do things to complement create positions, properly arrange staff, implementation of the social security policy. To water pipe system reform will be extended to small water conservancy projects, pipe units at the grass-roots level, to implement management responsibility, management measures and management personnel, comprehensively improve the level of small-sized water conservancy project management.
�。�.３.３ 推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)水價(jià)改革和水權(quán)合理流轉(zhuǎn)。按照促進(jìn)節(jié)約用水、降低農(nóng)民水費(fèi)支出、保障灌排工程良性運(yùn)行的原則，推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)水價(jià)綜合改革，把農(nóng)村集體和農(nóng)民用水合作組織管理工程費(fèi)用納入水價(jià)測(cè)算范圍，推行農(nóng)業(yè)終端水價(jià)機(jī)制，探索實(shí)行定額內(nèi)用水享受優(yōu)惠水價(jià)和超定額用水累進(jìn)加價(jià)。加強(qiáng)量水設(shè)施建設(shè)，建立健全科學(xué)、合理的水價(jià)形成機(jī)制，推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)用水計(jì)量收費(fèi)。建立水權(quán)合理轉(zhuǎn)換機(jī)制，積極培育水市場(chǎng)
2.3.3 promote the reform of agricultural water price and water right transfer. According to promote water conservation, reduce farmers' spending on water, the principle of guarantee benign operation of irrigation and drainage engineering, advancing agricultural water price reform, the rural collectives and farmers' water cooperation organization management engineering cost in water price estimation range, promote agricultural terminal water price mechanism, explore ways to establish norm enjoy preferential prices and in excess of the quota in the use of water within a progressive increase. Strengthen the amount of water facilities construction, establish and improve the scientific and reasonable water price forming mechanism, advancing agricultural water metering. Establishing reasonable water rights conversion mechanism, actively cultivate water market
３ 農(nóng)村飲水安全工程建設(shè)與發(fā)展思路分析
Three rural drinking water safety engineering construction and development analysis
農(nóng)村飲水安全是水利工作的重中之重，也是一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期而艱巨的任務(wù)。我們應(yīng)堅(jiān)持以科學(xué)的發(fā)展觀，在調(diào)查了解基礎(chǔ)上，從存在的問題和困難出發(fā)，通過科學(xué)規(guī)劃、合理布局，積極加強(qiáng)對(duì)農(nóng)村飲水安全工程管理的指導(dǎo)。
Rural drinking water safety is the key of the water conservancy work, is also a long-term and arduous task. We should adhere to the scientific outlook on development, based on the investigation to understand, starting from the existing problems and difficulties, through scientific planning, rational layout, actively strengthen the guidance of rural drinking water safety project management.
３.１ 統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃，突出重點(diǎn)。要以鄧小平理論和“三個(gè)代表”重要思想為指導(dǎo)，全面貫徹黨的十六大和十六屆四中、五中全會(huì)精神，堅(jiān)持以人為本，樹立全面、協(xié)調(diào)、可持續(xù)的科學(xué)發(fā)展觀，適應(yīng)全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)的總體要求；以提高農(nóng)村供水質(zhì)量、改善農(nóng)村飲用水條件、加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村供水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、完善農(nóng)村供水社會(huì)化服務(wù)體系、保障農(nóng)村飲水安全為目標(biāo)，統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃，使農(nóng)民群眾可持續(xù)地獲得安全飲用水，為構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。
3.1 overall planning, highlight the key. With deng xiaoping theory and important thought of "three represents" as guidance, fully implement the party's 16 big and the fifth plenary session of 16th 4, spirit, adhere to the people-oriented, establishing comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable scientific outlook on development, adapt to the general requirements of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way; In order to improve the quality of rural water supply, improve rural drinking water conditions and to strengthen the construction of rural water supply infrastructure, improve the rural social service system of water supply, to ensure the safety of rural drinking water as the goal, overall planning, make the peasants sustainable access to safe drinking water, lay solid foundation for building a harmonious socialist society.
３.２ 水源保護(hù)與水質(zhì)凈化相結(jié)合，防治并重。保障飲水安全，首先要從源頭抓起，要保護(hù)好飲用水源。要按照《飲用水水源保護(hù)區(qū)污染防治管理規(guī)定》的要求，劃定農(nóng)村規(guī)劃項(xiàng)目供水水源保護(hù)區(qū)，加強(qiáng)對(duì)水源地周邊環(huán)境的保護(hù)，防止污染，要采取有效措施，保護(hù)好飲用水源。
3.2 water source protection and water quality purification, paying equal attention to prevention and control. To ensure the safety of drinking water, the first to grab from the source, to protect the drinking water. According to the regulations for the prevention and control of pollution of drinking water sources reserve, requirements, delimit the rural planning project of water supply conservation, to strengthen the protection of water surroundings, prevent pollution, to take effective measures to protect the drinking water.
今后農(nóng)村飲水安全工程建設(shè)，應(yīng)根據(jù)具體情況，設(shè)置必要的水凈化設(shè)施，向用水戶提供水質(zhì)達(dá)標(biāo)、衛(wèi)生的生活飲用水。同時(shí)，應(yīng)建立社會(huì)化的水質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè)服務(wù)體系，對(duì)供水水質(zhì)進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)、提供水質(zhì)檢測(cè)服務(wù)，完善供水水質(zhì)保障體系。對(duì)適度規(guī)模的水廠要設(shè)化驗(yàn)室，做好水質(zhì)的常規(guī)檢測(cè)。
Future rural drinking water safety engineering construction, should according to the specific situation, set up necessary water purification facilities, provides water water quality standard, health drinking water. At the same time, should establish socialized service system for water quality monitoring, the water supply water quality monitoring, water quality testing services, improve the water quality security system. Water plant to set up laboratory of moderate scale, make water quality of conventional detection.
�。�.３ 積極引導(dǎo)，多渠道籌資。為解決好群眾的飲水安全問題，就必須按照中央、地方和受益群眾共同負(fù)擔(dān)，困難大的多補(bǔ)、困難小的少補(bǔ)等原則制定有效的資金籌措計(jì)劃。按照城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)籌的科學(xué)發(fā)展觀要求，縣、鄉(xiāng)兩級(jí)政府要通過公共財(cái)政增加投入，各部門要密切配合，給予一定的扶持引導(dǎo)，確保飲水工程所需資金足額、及時(shí)到位；從農(nóng)村現(xiàn)實(shí)情況出發(fā)，受益農(nóng)戶也要在負(fù)擔(dān)能力允許的范圍內(nèi)，承擔(dān)一定的投勞投資責(zé)任；通過引入市場(chǎng)機(jī)制，多方位吸納社會(huì)資金，建立多元化的投入機(jī)制；要設(shè)立農(nóng)村飲水安全工程資金專戶，做到�？顚Ｓ�。
3.3 actively guide, multi-channel financing. To solve the drinking water safety problem of the masses, we must according to the central, local and benefit the masses is collective burden, more filling, difficulties small fill less principles of effective financing plan. In accordance with requirements of the scientific concept of development of urban and rural plan as a whole, county and township levels of government to increase public financial investment, all departments should cooperate closely, offer certain support to guide, to ensure the funds required for the drinking water project in full and in place in time; From rural reality, the benefit farmers in affordability allowed within the scope of certain work-relief funds investment responsibility; By introducing market mechanism, multi-azimuth absorb social funds, establish a diversified investment mechanism; To set up a special account for rural drinking water safety project funds, special fund is special.
�。�.４ 建立科學(xué)的水價(jià)政策和水費(fèi)征收體系。水價(jià)是鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)供水事業(yè)發(fā)展的生命線。水價(jià)是否合理，直接影響到投資的來源、工程的建設(shè)、運(yùn)行、管理以及滾動(dòng)發(fā)展。目前我國(guó)大部分地區(qū)水價(jià)過低，水費(fèi)計(jì)收困難，已經(jīng)成為鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)供水發(fā)展的制約因素之一，因此建立科學(xué)的水價(jià)政策和水費(fèi)征收體系刻不容緩。
3.4 set up a scientific system of water policy and water rate. Water is the lifeline of township water supply business development. The source of the water price is reasonable, will directly affect the investment, engineering construction, operation, management, and rolling development. At present our country most of the regional water price is too low, a water fee collecting difficulties, has become one of the restricting factors of township water supply, so establish scientific water price policy and water fee collection system is urgently needed.
科學(xué)的水價(jià)政策首先應(yīng)能保證供水成本的回收，這是維持工程簡(jiǎn)單再生產(chǎn)所必須的。在向社會(huì)籌集工程建設(shè)資金的情況下，水價(jià)還必須包括稅金和利潤(rùn)。另外，水價(jià)政策應(yīng)遵循超額用水累進(jìn)加價(jià)的原則，以經(jīng)濟(jì)手段限制用水的浪費(fèi)。
Scientific water price policy, first of all, should be able to guarantee the water supply cost recovery, it is necessary to maintain simple reproduction engineering. In the case of to raise construction funds from the society, water price must also include taxes and profits. In addition, water price policy should follow the principle of progressive surcharges excess water, waste water restrictions by economic means.
�。�.５ 加強(qiáng)質(zhì)量監(jiān)督，確保工程早日發(fā)揮效益。農(nóng)村供水工程是農(nóng)村重要的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，其質(zhì)量直接關(guān)系到農(nóng)村居民的飲水安全。農(nóng)村集中式供水工程的施工，應(yīng)由水利部門通過招投標(biāo)確定符合條件的施工單位和監(jiān)理單位；規(guī)模較小的工程，條件不具備時(shí)，可由有類似工程經(jīng)驗(yàn)的單位承擔(dān)施工。施工前，應(yīng)進(jìn)行施工組織設(shè)計(jì)、編制施工方案、建立質(zhì)量管理體系，明確施工質(zhì)量負(fù)責(zé)人和施工安全負(fù)責(zé)人，經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)取得施工許可證和安全生產(chǎn)許可證后，方可實(shí)施。施工過程中，應(yīng)作好材料設(shè)備、隱蔽工程等中間階段的質(zhì)量驗(yàn)收，作好材料設(shè)備采購(gòu)、設(shè)計(jì)變更驗(yàn)收等記錄。施工單位應(yīng)按設(shè)計(jì)圖紙和技術(shù)要求進(jìn)行施工，需要變更設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，應(yīng)征得建設(shè)單位同意，由設(shè)計(jì)單位負(fù)責(zé)完成。通過層層管理，確保工程持久發(fā)揮效益。
3.5 to strengthen the administration of quality supervision, to ensure that the project use at an early date. Rural water supply project is an important infrastructure of rural, rural residents is directly related to the quality of drinking water safety. Rural centralized water supply project construction, shall be fixed through bidding by the water conservancy department qualified construction units and supervision units; Smaller projects, when conditions do not have, can be borne by the unit with experience of the similar engineering construction. Before construction, should carry on the construction organization design, construction scheme, set up quality management system, a clear head, head of the construction quality and construction safety, the approved after obtained the construction permit and safety production license, before implementation. Construction process, should be prepared materials equipment, take cover engineering, such as the quality inspection of intermediate stage, prepare materials, equipment procurement, such as design change acceptance records. Construction unit should according to the design drawings and technical requirements for construction, need to change design, apply for permission of construction unit, the design unit is responsible for the complete. Through the layers of management, ensure the effective project.
