【論文摘要】介紹了綠色環(huán)保幕墻的產(chǎn)生和應(yīng)用的背景．對(duì)光電幕墻、雙層動(dòng)態(tài)節(jié)能幕墻和生態(tài)暮墻等綠色環(huán)保節(jié)能幕墻及其動(dòng)態(tài)節(jié)能技術(shù)進(jìn)行論述。
【 abstract 】 introduced the background and application of green walls. The photoelectric curtain wall, double dynamic energy saving curtain wall and sunset ecological wall of green environmental protection energy-saving curtain wall and its dynamic energy saving technologies such as discussed.
【論文關(guān)鍵詞】綠色幕墻 環(huán)保節(jié)能 動(dòng)態(tài)節(jié)能
【 key words 】 the green curtain wall dynamic energy-saving environmental protection and energy saving
隨著幕墻在建筑中的不斷應(yīng)用，人們環(huán)保意識(shí)的不斷進(jìn)步，社會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)保和節(jié)能的呼聲越來(lái)越高，人們對(duì)于幕墻的綠色環(huán)保和節(jié)能也提出了新的要求。目前在各種建筑中，綠色環(huán)保幕墻的應(yīng)用也越來(lái)越多，技術(shù)也從實(shí)踐開始走向成熟。
Along with the continuous application of curtain wall in the building, the people environmental protection consciousness of constant progress, society calls for the environmental protection and energy saving more and more high, people for the curtain wall of green environmental protection and energy saving are also put forward new requirements. At present in various buildings, use of curtain wall of green environmental protection is also more and more, the technology is also starting from the practice to mature.
本文對(duì)光電幕墻、雙層動(dòng)態(tài)節(jié)能幕墻和生態(tài)幕墻等綠色環(huán)保節(jié)能幕墻及其動(dòng)態(tài)節(jié)能技術(shù)進(jìn)行介紹和闡述。
In this paper, the photoelectric curtain wall curtain wall, double dynamic energy saving curtain wall and ecological and green environmental protection energy-saving curtain wall and its dynamic energy saving technologies are introduced and described.
1綠色環(huán)保節(jié)能幕墻的應(yīng)用背景
1 the green environmental protection energy-saving curtain wall application background
據(jù)相關(guān)資料顯示，我國(guó)目前每年房屋建筑面積約有10億平方米，其中的住宅面積約有5到6億平方米，工業(yè)面積約有1億平方米。我國(guó)的建筑能耗占全國(guó)總能耗的40％以上。是相同氣候發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的2至3倍，因建筑門窗幕墻部分不節(jié)能的耗能占建筑能耗的40一50％。
According to relevant data show that China's current annual housing construction area of about 1 billion square meters, the residential area of about 5 to 600 million square meters, the industrial area of about 100 million square meters. Our country's building energy consumption accounts for over 40% of the total energy consumption in China. Is the same climate in developed countries 2 to 3 times, for building Windows and doors curtain wall parts not energy saving 50% of energy consumption of building energy consumption in a 40.
據(jù)估算，我國(guó)每年竣工的幕墻工程的能耗影響巨大，如果不能正確的加以引導(dǎo)與管理，很有可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)大規(guī)模消耗常規(guī)能源，對(duì)能源供應(yīng)、資源利用和環(huán)境保護(hù)帶來(lái)巨大的壓力，從而可能帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重的能源、環(huán)境與資源問題。影響到我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的和諧發(fā)展。因此，綠色環(huán)保節(jié)能幕墻的應(yīng)用具有重要意義。
According to estimates, every year in our country the energy consumption of the finished curtain wall engineering has had a huge impact, if not the correct guidance and management, is likely to appear large consume conventional energy, the energy supply, resources utilization and environmental protection brings great pressure, which may lead to the serious energy and environmental and resource problems. Affect China's economic and social harmonious development. Therefore, application of green environmental protection energy-saving curtain wall is of great significance.
目前。我國(guó)方大公司在國(guó)內(nèi)已經(jīng)率先研制成功的太陽(yáng)能光電幕墻，引起了與會(huì)專家的高度關(guān)注。而且，該產(chǎn)品已在方大集團(tuán)科技中心大廈工程中得到首次應(yīng)用．相信類似的綠色環(huán)保節(jié)能幕墻工程將會(huì)得到越來(lái)越廣的應(yīng)用。
At present. Big company in China has led the way in domestic successful solar photoelectric curtain wall, the height of the experts attending the meeting notice. And, the products have been in the first application in the big group technology center project. Believe that similar green environmental protection energy-saving curtain wall engineering will be more and more widely applied.
2綠色環(huán)保節(jié)能幕墻簡(jiǎn)述
2 green environmental protection energy-saving curtain wall paper
綠色環(huán)保節(jié)能幕墻。就是具有無(wú)污染(或者污染很低)、并具有環(huán)保和節(jié)約能源功能的幕墻。這是幕墻今后發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì)。目前應(yīng)用比較多、研究比較多的有三類：光電幕墻、雙層動(dòng)態(tài)節(jié)能幕墻，以及生態(tài)幕墻。這三類綠色環(huán)保節(jié)能幕墻的應(yīng)用與動(dòng)態(tài)節(jié)能技術(shù)在后面的論述中詳細(xì)介紹。
Green environmental protection energy-saving curtain wall. Is a pollution free (or very low pollution), and which has the function of environmental protection and energy saving wall. This is a trend of the future development of curtain wall. Current research application is more and more has three types: photoelectric curtain wall, double dynamic energy saving curtain wall, curtain wall and ecology. These three kinds of green environmental protection energy-saving technology in the application of energy-saving curtain wall and the dynamic behind the discussed in detail.
3光電幕墻及其動(dòng)態(tài)節(jié)能技術(shù)
3 photoelectric curtain wall and its dynamic energy saving technology
光電幕墻的產(chǎn)生是在二十世紀(jì)初期。隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，一些國(guó)家出現(xiàn)能源危機(jī)。常規(guī)發(fā)電成本的不斷上升和人們環(huán)保意識(shí)的不斷增強(qiáng)。致使他們紛紛推廣、實(shí)施太陽(yáng)能利用技術(shù)，并提出了“建筑物產(chǎn)生能源”的概念．推動(dòng)了光電技術(shù)應(yīng)用于建筑物的科研和使用，由此光電幕墻開始研發(fā)。
Production of photoelectric curtain wall is at the beginning of the twentieth century. With the development of world economy, energy crisis in some countries. Conventional power generation costs rising and people unceasing enhancement in environmental consciousness. Cause they are promotion, implementation of solar energy utilization technology, and puts forward the concept of "building energy production". Promote the photovoltaic technology is applied to the structure of the research and use of the photoelectric curtain wall began to develop.
光電幕墻設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)。要考慮光電池組、光電板、導(dǎo)線、集成電路、整流器等各因素。還需考慮幕墻傳統(tǒng)的安全、防護(hù)、密封、裝飾等功能。各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)必須滿足國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定，使其達(dá)到最佳使用效果。此外，還要考慮安裝方向，安裝陽(yáng)光照射時(shí)間長(zhǎng)的部位，等等。
When the photoelectric curtain wall design. To consider light battery, photovoltaic panels, wire, integrated circuit, rectifier, and so on various factors. Of the curtain wall of traditional security, protection, sealing, decoration, etc. The indicators must meet the state standards, make the best use effect. In addition, consider installation direction, sunshine time long spot, and so on.
3．1光電暮墻
3.1 photoelectric both walls
光電幕墻是一種集發(fā)電、隔音、隔熱、安全、裝飾功能于一體的新型建筑幕墻．它是用光電池、光電板技術(shù)，把太陽(yáng)光轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，它關(guān)鍵的技術(shù)是太陽(yáng)能光電池技術(shù)。太陽(yáng)能光電池是利用太陽(yáng)光的光子能量。使得被照射的電解液或者半導(dǎo)體材料的電子移動(dòng)，從而產(chǎn)生電壓．這稱為光電效應(yīng)。光電幕墻代表著幕墻技術(shù)發(fā)展的新方向。
Photoelectric curtain wall is a set of power generation, sound insulation, heat insulation, safety, in the integration of new building curtain wall decoration function. It is to use photovoltaic, pv technology, converting sunlight into electricity, and its key technology is the solar photovoltaic technology. Solar cell is to use the photon energy from sunlight. Made by irradiation of electrolyte or electronic mobile semiconductor materials, resulting in a voltage. This is known as the photoelectric effect. The photoelectric curtain wall represents the new direction of the curtain wall technology development.
4雙層動(dòng)態(tài)節(jié)能幕墻及其動(dòng)態(tài)節(jié)能技術(shù)
Four double dynamic energy saving curtain wall and its dynamic energy saving technology
4．1雙層動(dòng)態(tài)節(jié)能暮墻
4.1 double sunset dynamic energy-saving wall
雙層動(dòng)態(tài)節(jié)能幕墻．它是由雙層結(jié)構(gòu)組合而成的幕墻，由外層幕墻、內(nèi)層幕墻、遮陽(yáng)幕墻、進(jìn)風(fēng)幕墻、出風(fēng)裝置組成。內(nèi)層一般都有能夠開啟的門窗。在外層幕墻的遮擋下，室外環(huán)境再惡劣也能保證內(nèi)層門窗的正常開啟．外層幕墻的進(jìn)出風(fēng)口和內(nèi)層門窗的開啟均能控制。內(nèi)外層之間的熱通道。可利用太陽(yáng)能產(chǎn)生煙囪效應(yīng)或溫室效應(yīng)，從而做到既保證必要的通風(fēng)、換氣，又能夠節(jié)約能源。因此。雙層動(dòng)態(tài)節(jié)能幕墻又被稱為熱通道幕墻，按通風(fēng)原理分為自然通風(fēng)和強(qiáng)制通風(fēng)兩種系統(tǒng)。
Double dynamic energy saving curtain wall. It is made up by double deck structure of curtain wall, the outer walls, inner walls, shading curtain wall, the wind curtain wall, the wind device component. Inner layer generally has to open the doors and Windows. In outer wall, under the cover of the outdoor environment and bad also to make sure that the normal inner doors and Windows open. The outer curtain wall into the outlet and the inner doors and Windows open can control. Between the inner and outer layer heat channels. Can make use of solar energy chimney effect, or the greenhouse effect, which do not only ensure the necessary ventilation, ventilation, and can save energy. Therefore. Double dynamic energy saving curtain wall thermal channel is also known as curtain wall, according to ventilation principle is divided into two forced ventilation and natural ventilation system.
4．2雙層動(dòng)態(tài)節(jié)能幕墻的性能特點(diǎn)
4.2 the performance characteristics of double dynamic energy saving curtain wall
雙層動(dòng)態(tài)智能節(jié)能幕墻。在幕墻內(nèi)配有電動(dòng)閃開內(nèi)倒窗、平行外開窗、電動(dòng)遮陽(yáng)百葉以及電動(dòng)通風(fēng)VI；頂部采光頂為鋼結(jié)構(gòu)形式，采光頂分為兩層布置，上層為電動(dòng)遮陽(yáng)百葉系。下層為帶有電動(dòng)滑窗的隱框玻璃幕墻；采光幕墻占到整個(gè)幕墻面積的比例較大．易于獲取良好的光線。
Double dynamic intelligent energy-saving curtain wall. In a curtain wall is equipped with electric to duck down window, parallel outside the window, electric blinds and electric ventilation VI; The toplight for steel structure, lighting roof is divided into two layers to decorate, the upper for electric blinds. Bottom is with electric sliding window of concealed frame glass curtain wall; Light curtain wall accounted for the whole curtain wall area ratio is bigger. Easy to get a good light.
所以。雙層動(dòng)態(tài)節(jié)能幕墻，在動(dòng)態(tài)節(jié)能上具有極大的優(yōu)勢(shì)。它具有的技術(shù)性能包括：
So. Double dynamic energy saving curtain wall, has a great advantage in the dynamic energy. It has technical performance include:
1)運(yùn)用動(dòng)氣熱壓原理和煙囪效應(yīng)。讓新鮮的空氣進(jìn)入室內(nèi)，把室內(nèi)污濁的空氣排到室外，并且能夠有效防止灰塵進(jìn)入室內(nèi)，具有綠色的環(huán)保功效。
1) by using the principle of the gas compression and stack effect. Let the fresh air into the indoor, indoor air exhaust to the outside, and can effectively prevent dust from entering the interior, with green environmental protection effect.
2)它對(duì)冬天的“冷處理”和夏天的“熱處理”非常合理，具有卓越的冬季保溫和夏季隔熱功能。因此具有典型的動(dòng)態(tài)節(jié)能性。
2) for winter "cold treatment" and "summer" heat treatment "is very reasonable, and has excellent heat preservation in winter and summer heat insulation function. So it is of typical dynamic energy.
3)合理的采光功能，可根據(jù)使用者的需要，調(diào)整光線的變化，改善室內(nèi)環(huán)境。
3) reasonable daylighting function, can according to the needs of users, to adjust the light changes, improve the indoor environment.
4)卓越的隔聲降噪功能，為使用者創(chuàng)造寧?kù)o地工作生活環(huán)境。
4) excellent acoustic noise reduction features for users to create a quiet work environment.
5)技術(shù)含量高，構(gòu)造特殊，具有良好的視覺美感。從上述的幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)可以看出，雙層動(dòng)態(tài)節(jié)能幕墻具有良好的綠色環(huán)保節(jié)能性。
5) high technical content, special structure, has the good visual aesthetic feeling. Several characteristics can be seen from the above, the double dynamic energy saving curtain wall has good green environmental protection and energy saving.
5生態(tài)幕墻及其動(dòng)態(tài)節(jié)能技術(shù)
Five ecological curtain wall and its dynamic energy saving technology
5．1生態(tài)幕墻
5.1 the curtain wall
生態(tài)幕墻，它是隨著建筑生態(tài)化的發(fā)展而發(fā)展的。所謂生態(tài)建筑。是指根據(jù)建筑物的使用功能或使用要求。能夠改變建筑生態(tài)和建筑色彩的建筑稱之為生態(tài)建筑。根據(jù)使用功能或使用要求，能夠改變生態(tài)和色彩的建筑幕墻稱之為生態(tài)幕墻，生態(tài)幕墻是生態(tài)建筑的一種，是生態(tài)外圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的建筑。它是以“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”為戰(zhàn)略，以使用的高新技術(shù)為先導(dǎo)，以生物氣候緩沖層為重點(diǎn)，節(jié)約資源，減少污染，是健康舒適的生態(tài)建筑外圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)。
Ecologic curtain wall, it is with the development of ecological building and development. The so-called ecological architecture. Refers to according to the requirements of the building use function or use. Can change the construction of ecological and architectural color is called ecological architecture. Request according to the function or use of, can change the ecology and the colour of the building curtain wall is called ecological wall, ecological curtain wall is one of the ecological building, ecological building envelope. It is "sustainable development" as the strategy, the use of high and new technology as the forerunner, with an emphasis on biological climate buffer layer, save resources, reduce pollution, is a healthy and comfortable ecological building envelope structure.
生態(tài)幕墻，可以在建筑與周圍生態(tài)環(huán)境之間，建立的一個(gè)緩沖區(qū)域，既可以在一定程度防止各種極端氣候?qū)κ覂?nèi)影響，又可以強(qiáng)化各種微觀氣候調(diào)節(jié)的效果，進(jìn)而滿足人們種種舒適的要求，并且能夠達(dá)到適當(dāng)節(jié)能的目標(biāo)。生態(tài)幕墻建造，超出常規(guī)建筑學(xué)和建筑工程學(xué)的范疇。是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)工程，需要建筑師、結(jié)構(gòu)工程師和幕墻工程師熟悉機(jī)械傳動(dòng)原理，了解機(jī)械加工、裝配以及物理、化學(xué)和自動(dòng)控制等相關(guān)科學(xué)專業(yè)的知識(shí)，需要多學(xué)科的協(xié)調(diào)，各專業(yè)的通力合作。
Ecological wall, can be in between the buildings and the surrounding ecological environment, establish a buffer zone, both can prevent all kinds of extreme weather in a certain extent influence to indoor, and can maximize the effects of various kinds of micro climate regulation, to meet the requirements of people to a variety of comfortable, and can achieve adequate energy saving goal. Ecological curtain wall construction, beyond the general category of architecture and construction engineering. Is a system engineering, need architects, structural engineers, curtain wall engineers familiar with the mechanical transmission principle, understand mechanical processing, assembly as well as physical, chemical, and automatic control or related professional knowledge, science needs multi-disciplinary coordination, each professional collaboration.
生態(tài)建筑與生態(tài)幕墻在三維空間中，引入了時(shí)間，在功能及美學(xué)上具有獨(dú)特的意義，可以稱其為“四維建筑”，即靜與動(dòng)，封閉與開放，收斂與張開，空間與時(shí)間，使建筑和幕墻更具有鮮明的音樂韻律。改變了傳統(tǒng)建筑和幕墻終身不變的形態(tài)和色彩，拓寬了建筑和幕墻的新視野和新技術(shù)，對(duì)現(xiàn)代建筑和幕墻的實(shí)踐和理論是一種補(bǔ)充和拓展，有著獨(dú)立的價(jià)值和意義。這種幕墻在德國(guó)研發(fā)和使用較早，技術(shù)成熟得到廣泛的發(fā)展，典型工程如德國(guó)柏林得比斯大廈、法蘭克福銀行大廈以及美國(guó)紐約42大街的新攝影棚、英國(guó)建筑研究所辦公樓、荷蘭戴爾夫特大學(xué)圖書館等都屬這類幕墻。
Ecological construction and ecological wall in 3 d space, introduced the time, on the function and aesthetics has a unique meaning, can be referred to as "four dimensional architecture", namely the static and dynamic, the closed and open, convergence and open, the space and time, make the construction and curtain wall has more distinct music rhythm. Changed the traditional structure and curtain wall lifelong unchanged form and color, broadens the new horizon of construction and curtain wall and the new technology, the practice and theory of modern construction and curtain wall is a kind of complement and expansion, has the independent value and significance. This kind of curtain wall in German r&d and use the earlier, the development of the technology mature and widely, faster than a typical engineering such as the German Berlin, Frankfurt bank building, building and the new studio 42 street in New York, USA, the UK construction institute, office building, the Netherlands Dai Erfu university library are belong to this kind of curtain wall, etc.
5．2生態(tài)幕墻的節(jié)能與性能特點(diǎn)
5.2 ecological wall energy saving and performance characteristics
生態(tài)幕墻是科學(xué)技術(shù)的綜合體現(xiàn)，生態(tài)幕墻具有以下性能特點(diǎn)：
Ecological curtain wall is the integrated embodiment of science and technology, curtain wall has the following characteristics:
1)傳統(tǒng)幕墻理念是幕墻與自然生態(tài)環(huán)境相分離，對(duì)自然通風(fēng)考慮不夠：而生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)理念是幕墻與自然生態(tài)環(huán)境組成統(tǒng)一的有機(jī)體。精心設(shè)計(jì)自然通風(fēng)。
1) tradition is the idea of curtain wall curtain wall and separating the natural ecological environment, the natural ventilation to consider enough: the ecological design concept is curtain wall and natural ecological environment form a unified organism. The careful design of natural ventilation.
2)傳統(tǒng)幕墻是沒有或很少考慮有效的資源，能源再生利用及對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響；而生態(tài)是必須考慮節(jié)能，資源重復(fù)利用，保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境．積極利用太陽(yáng)能等自然能量。
2) traditional curtain wall is little or no consideration of effective resources, energy regeneration and utilization and the ecological environment influence; And ecological energy saving should be considered, repeated utilization of resources, protect the ecological environment. Utilization of natural energy such as solar energy.
3)在設(shè)計(jì)上生態(tài)幕墻是依據(jù)環(huán)境效益和生態(tài)環(huán)境指標(biāo)與功能、性能及成本來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)。
3) ecological wall on the design is based on environmental and ecological environmental indicators and to design the function, performance, and cost.
4)設(shè)計(jì)目的上。傳統(tǒng)幕墻是以人對(duì)幕墻的美學(xué)和功能的需求為主要設(shè)計(jì)目的；而生態(tài)幕墻是為人的需求和環(huán)境而設(shè)計(jì)，其最終目的是創(chuàng)造舒適，健康的居住生活環(huán)境，提高自然、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)的綜合效益，滿足可持續(xù)發(fā)展的要求，真正做到綠色、環(huán)保和節(jié)能。生態(tài)幕墻是綠色環(huán)保節(jié)能幕墻，新結(jié)構(gòu)，新理念，它須和生態(tài)建筑一起設(shè)計(jì)，生態(tài)幕墻是生態(tài)建筑的主要組成部分。隨著技術(shù)的發(fā)展、計(jì)算機(jī)為生態(tài)幕墻的實(shí)施提供了有力的支持，生態(tài)幕墻作為生態(tài)建筑的一部分。它的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展是歷史、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的必然，生態(tài)幕墻將會(huì)成為綠色環(huán)保節(jié)能幕墻中的一份子，為我國(guó)的環(huán)保與節(jié)能做出貢獻(xiàn)。
4) the design purpose. The traditional curtain wall is people aesthetic and functional requirements of curtain wall as the main design purpose; And ecological curtain wall is a human needs and environment design, the ultimate goal is to create comfortable and healthy living environment, improve the comprehensive benefits of natural, economic, social, and meet the requirements of sustainable development, truly green, environmental protection and energy saving. Ecological curtain wall is green environmental protection energy-saving curtain wall, a new structure, new idea, it must be with ecological architecture design, ecological curtain wall is the main component of ecological architecture. With the development of technology, the computer provides a strong support to implement ecological curtain wall, curtain wall as part of the ecological building. Its emergence and development is the inevitable developing law of history, society, economy, ecological wall will become a part of the green environmental protection energy-saving curtain wall, contribute to environmental protection and energy saving in our country.
